Invited by Professor Klaus Friedrich, Professor Qihua Wang and Doctor Xianqiang Pei of Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics participate in the compiling of the book of Tribology of Polymeric Nanocomposites. Recently, the book has been published by Elsevier Publishers. The book is consisted of four parts, including twenty-one chapters. The book illustrates the developments of tribology of polymeric nanocomposites, including bulk composites with spherical nanoparticles, use of carbon nanotubes in bulk composites, scratch/wear resistance of nanocomposites/coatings and developments of nanocomposites/coatings for special applications. Professor Qihua Wang and Doctor Xianqiang Pei compose the fourth chapter entitled “The influence of nanoparticle fillers on the friction and wear behavior of polymer matrices”. This chapter illustrates the influences of volume content, size, shape and the combination of nanoparticles with traditional tribofillers on the friction and wear behavior of polymers systematically based on the research results of Professor Wang’s group and peers home and abroad. The influencing mechanisms of nanoparticles on the friction and wear behavior of polymer matrices are put forward in this chapter, which are applied in the discussion of influence of nanoparticles on the friction and wear behavior of polymers under different testing conditions.