Gluconic acid aqueous solution (GAAS), a biobased weakly acidic liquid, was demonstrated to be a promising green solvent for performing organic reactions for the first time by researchers from Huzhong University of Science and Technology and Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics.
It was used as an effective promoting medium for organic reactions, such as the Michael addition of indoles to α, β-unsaturated ketones, the electrophilic ring-opening reaction of 3,4-dihydropyran with indoles and Friedel–Crafts alkylation of electron-rich aromatics with benzyl alcohols.
The concept of using GAAS as a solvent for organic reactions not only offers a sustainable candidate for progress in solvent innovation, but also opens up a new avenue for the utilization of this biobased polyhydroxylated acid.
Among the features that render GAAS as a solvent so interesting is the ability to act as both the reaction medium and catalyst. Moreover, this methodology offers significant improvements with regard to the yield of products, simplicity in operation, cost efficiency and green aspects, in terms of avoiding toxic catalysts and minimizing the generation of waste.
The work has received support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
The findings have been published in Green Chem. (Green Chem., 2011, 13, 2204–2211).
